Wednesday 29 November 2023

A lesson in humility, by Atahualpa Yupanqui and Juan Chauqui



In Barcelona I chatted during the asado about folklore - music,dress, history, with an Argentinian teacher of dance, Olga. 



I mentioned the great Argentinian folk singer, Atahualpa Yupanqu and some folklore genres I had heard, whereupon she told me one I didn't know: the baguala. I don't remember exactly how she described it, perhaps something like poetic, deep, reflective. This evening an Argentinian friend said: "la baguala transmite mucha paz y espiritualidad" / la baguala conveys much peace and spirituality.

I asked if Atahualpa was known for any baguala. Olga said no, but later, looking for examples, I found some by him, although I think they are not his most famous songs. 

Many songs in Argentina, and from other countries in the Americas, demonstrate a passionate attachment to the country and the land. While there is a strong folk music tradition in England, in Scotland and I imagine in the other countries of the UK, it seems to me that more ordinary people in Argentina are connected with their folk music, and through that, to their land and traditions, than we are. They are not unlikely to know, for instance, some famous zambas or chacareras, a gato or a chamamé. A few months ago, for example, a friend, in his late thirties who moved to Córdoba province from Buenos Aires, talked about having a fire with his neighbours one evening and singing zambas to the accompaniment of his guitar.  It didn't seem unusual entertainment there. 

Atahualpa's, Baguala de Amaicha, has a wonderful spoken introduction. He actually sings just the end of the song. His introduction starts - if I have more or less understood - by describing the area. Amaicha is a place in western Argentina between Tucumán & Catamarca.  The ground is hot there, underground from whence the name of the nearby place, El Infernillo. The name ‘Amaicha’ refers to the long downhill slope of the road on which it is situated. Atahualpa rode it many times. 

Once, a rider was ahead of him, humming a song from the area. In castellano, Don Ata says this kind of song is called ‘baguala’ but in the local language it is called something like joi-joi. The indio in Humahuaca (in Jujuy, in the north) calls it arribeñas because the song comes from the high mountain.

It is called joi-joi in the Tucumán area because, before singing the copla/couplet, the singer tries out his voice: "joi joi...", thus, which the Andaluces call the probá, the ay, ay, ay. So this man was doing the joi-joi

Atahualpa caught up his horse with that of the man, called Juan Chauqui, because he wanted to make a note of the words. He said he then made the mistake of praising him. "Está cantando lindo", your singing is beautiful. 

This man, of great solitude and silence, then taught me, says Atahualpa, a great & unforgettable lesson. The man said, "Don't mock me please. I know that my singing is fierce and ugly. Anything beautiful in my song is transformed by the peak and the mountain." Later, Atahualpa thought all his life: we presume to be singers and folklorists and we travel the world. We don't have a mountain to make our song beautiful, we have nothing behind us, just walls, curtains & theatres. There is no mountain to shelter & guard the song that rises in our heart. The man who has his landscape, who loves it and feels it will never be alone, will never be poor, because a universe is contained within his heart.

Atahualpa was as much poet as singer, as guitarist, as traveller. I remember a musician I knew from that continent saying: "Atahualpa is a genuine folk tradition genius and a prolific poet and musician beyond compare."

I found a version with these lovely lines:

Nunca desarraigarse de su tierra

Es lo único que nos puede defender

No tenemos, como ese paisano de Amaicha

Ese desconocido señor de a caballo

Pleno de soledad, de cobre en su rostro

mountain

Y de bello canto, embellecido por la montaña

No tenemos montaña que nos proteja

Y nos haga encantador el canto nuestro


Never uproot yourself from your land

It's the only thing that can defend us

We don't have, like that countryman from Amaicha

That unknown gentleman on horseback

Full of loneliness, copper on his face

And of beautiful song, embellished by the mountain,

We have no mountain to protect us

And to make our song enchanting .


However the song is better here
Lyrics (in Spanish).

The song is about walking and singing and being surrounded by silence, about singing from the heart.
It begins...

To sing bagualas,
 The voice doesn't matter, 
You just need to put in the verse,
 All your heart.

Sunday 19 November 2023

Barcelona queer tango festival 2023


Main evening venue - Friday and Saturday nights, the station bar of the Estación de Francia


 This was the first time this event has been held. 

I went in part because I had had such a lovely evening with the Paris queer tango dancers beside the Seine in July.  I wanted more of that kind of dancing. A friend who didn't go to Barcelona said he expected a lot of people would go because, while untested, as a new event, "It's Barcelona, in November".  And it was like that.  Sunny, 20+ degrees, not that I was out in it much. I had been to Barcelona in 2017 for a long weekend and wanted to do more sightseeing.  In the event, I checked out the afternoon milongas as well so saw less of the sun and the sights than I would have liked. 

The other reason I went was to see some friends who live near there.  We danced, we chatted, although there was less of both of these than, if I had had much in the way of expectations, I might have expected. 

We didn't dance as much as we did at the Etonathon (Thames Valley tango events near London), after Christmas.

Why didn't we dance as much? 

1. I didn't like a lot of the music.  It was alternative, it was cover bands, it was modern, it was more often that not very dramatic.  Several of the organisers were young, very funky, very alternative and I guess they like that style of music.  Or maybe that scene likes that music.  Most people will dance to anything - and they did.

If I heard a traditional tanda I would rush into the room to try and find someone to dance it with, often not managing because that isn't really the way it all works. I danced a lot on the Saturday afternoon milonga - nine tandas.  

2.  Nearly all the floors were marble - very hard, not slippy, drenched in talc which didn't go well with the alternative measure I had taken to make my shoes slide.

3.  The floorcraft was horrendous.  I was mostly in the guiding role and  despite ten years experience in that role, protecting the partner, we were constantly knocked, barged into, cut up. It was probably the least relaxing event I can remember going to.  Some way through I realised, belatedly that this wasn't, of course, a queer event like the one in Sheffield (2018/19), which had had about 80 people.  There had been communal food every day so you could get to know people.  In memory, people took considerably more care of one another.  Barcelona, was a festival and these are notoriously bad for floorcraft.  The last festival proper I can remember going to was the now defunct Tangomagia in Amsterdam in about 2013, on I think its last iteration.  Oh, and Edinburgh.

200+ strangers who don't know each other or don't dance often with each other, who have different styles and abilities - that was the case in Barcelona.  Young people who maybe don't mind being bashed perhaps take it as part of the event.  But there were older guys doing it too. A commiserating Frenchman made the point:  "Well, it's Barcelona, the south, the Mediterranean, what do you expect?"

I close my eyes when I am being guided.  If I am lucky, I enter "the zone" where you connect, are totally in the moment, where you travel so far from the daily plane that you don't know quite where you are in when you open your eyes.  Being bashed in that state is not just jarring, it's a shock that makes you gasp.  Most people did not seem to be seeking that state. But then, given the music, the environment, I don't remember getting to it much.

Still, all of my dances were at least good. One or two were great.  With most people dancing most roles, it's almost a given.  I danced mostly with women plus a few men. A lot of the dancing was also quite athletic, which added to the risk of being crashed into.  It was from the men that I was most cut up and crashed into, almost never with apologies.   Two men dancing together can just take up considerably more floor than two women, not an issue in itself, but more care is needed and it does become an issue when it is then athletic and dangerous. It was not a problem I noticed with the Paris queer tango dancers.  

There was I felt a "look at me" vibe.  The upside of his was the great outfits and the glamour, and the way-out shows.  One of my friends didn't like all the shows - because there were many and they were long.  "Too much bureaucracy" she tossed, over her shoulder as she walked off but I had never seen queer tango shows and was entranced at just how refreshingly different they were. 

I did wonder if this vibe of glamour and image was part of the queer tango scene and if that fed into the egotistical dancing.  Others didn't think so, necessarily - young people, festivals, Spain, they suggested.  The "why" of it was hard to tell. 

4.  The afternoon venues were dark.  It was hard to see people because of lighting and seating arrangements and therefore hard to invite, especially unknown people in those conditions.  There weren't enough tables for drinks in the asado milonga venue. It was chaos trying to find your stuff. 

5.  I felt as though more than half the attendees were "out of bounds".  This point is worth making.  I went to the Sheffield event expecting to dance with both genders and was utterly floored when this wasn't the case. At the queer events, and I'm told this is normal, guys mostly dance with guys and women with women.  I understood when it was explained to me: We don't get a chance to dance together often nor in the way that we like.  It strikes me as a pretty odd arrangement.  Why not, then, just have events for guys and events for gals? I suppose it makes for more "community" and if you only want to dance with one gender but the other is in your socio-political "family" then sharing an event doesn't matter and may make more economic sense. At the festival, there seemed to be rather more mixing of genders than I remember in Sheffield.  

The same person explained that at "straight" milongas they felt like half the attendees were out of bounds just because he couldn't invite men or they wouldn't dance with him. In "straight" milongas I don't feel that - I feel like I can dance with men and women.  But at queer events, I do feel like half the people are mostly unavailable.  It was a good exercise in empathy. On balance, it worked out in Sheffield because all the dancing was very good and partly because in the end, some of the guys, as well as the women, seemed to want me to guide them.      

6. I only knew a few people, three who either lived or had lived in Edinburgh, my two local friends and a few from France.  Curiously, nearly all the women I didn't know but ended up dancing with I had first chatted to during tandas I didn't want to dance, whereupon the music later changed.  In all but one case with the unknowns, I made the first overture. Many of them were scared: they were new, they hadn't danced for ages. It was eye-opening to realise how much insecurity there is on the sidelines.

In a couple of cases the people I spoke to confessed to feeling awkward, uncomfortable.  Oh, really? They were heterosexual they confessed and felt self-conscious as though people could tell and this was some kind of sin. Well if you're attending a queer event, I think you qualify, I said.  There is no question about it, queerness is a scale and at that event there were straight people, bi people queer people. This fact and that no-one spoke of it seemed to be something of an elephant in the room, but then I missed the talk/conversation on the first day.  It was odd, this undercurrent of "Am I legit?" from some quarters. How would they know? pointed out a friend. Take your blood and test it on entry? 

I was hugely relieved when, on the first afternoon I met someone I knew, a guy and great dancer who felt the same  - that gender didn't matter to him either. Both of us seem to dance for the dance, for the people, not to connect with someone you are attracted to. But for most people, queer or straight, gender does matter and you can't argue with taste and preference. 

Ironically, one of the French guys I knew who had invited me in Sheffield, now blanked me and one of the women I had hoped to dance with I almost never saw.  There's a lesson there about going to events "on the offchance" of catching up with people and I'm glad that hadn't been my only reason.  

On my last day, I met a woman, older than me, for lunch on a square in Gràcia that had a good empanadería on a corner. Oh yes, my tango experiences have led me into interesting stories that aren't to do with tango, she said, mysteriously. 

Really? No, I would find it hard to look at someone I found attractive.

She said nothing, looked at me opaquely through her bold glasses and fringe of hair.

It's rejection, I stumbled on, feeling, absurdly obliged to explain myself.  I have terrible pride in the milongas. I wouldn't want that rejection so I generally play it safe.

The faintest hint of a smile played on her face.  Still she said nothing.

7. There seemed to be more men (who wanted to dance with each other). 

8. There was a strong young contingent who understandably wanted to dance with each other.

I didn't have as many of the chats either with my friends as we might have because people kept coming and going into our conversations; one of us was often prowling about the huge evening room looking for dance and the vibe wasn't too conducive for chat.  It wasn't a "sit in your seat" to invite kind of place.

The last venue on Sunday was great for that though.  The floor was fine, invitation eventually ended up happening in a partnerbörse that reminded me of Stuttgart.  At the end of a tanda everyone washed on to one end of the floor and stood in a great crowd picking up a partner as the tanda started again. I infinitely prefer the traditional Argentinian way: invitation from your seat - but there need to be enough tables and chairs for that.  Outside that room were clusters of sofas and we relaxed and chatted on these while the music was in drama mode.

On the Saturday night a friend said that she refused to "sacrificarme" which is to say, if someone didn't invite her by look, from a distance, she wasn't going to move.  I understand her but it wasn't going to work in that environment and she was resigned to that. Her options were further limited by not guiding as far as I could see (though she could) and by not knowing a lot of people either.  While attractive, well groomed, well dressed and fit, she was also in the older minority.  On one evening we ended up sitting in a corner with lots of men.  I said she wasn't going to dance unless we all moved to another spot but she said she would move about.  I think she did and danced a bit more.   

Between the music, floorcraft and the need to rove for dances I danced only three times on Saturday night, choosing to chat for the rest. On the last evening, a few of us grazed, in conversation over running an event for people more of our age bracket, with more careful dancing. She's an idealist, said one friend. I look to the money. He's right. You need to cover the costs. I guess that's another reason they need you to sign up to many events in advance. 

On the plus side: 

1.  The organisers were Argentinian and very welcoming. I didn't get much chance to talk to Mariano, but if he was the guy running the bar in the Friday / Saturday afternoon milongas he seemed lovely, as was Marcela who I did chat with briefly about Argentinian politics.  The young women were fun and friendly too. These were the organisers I met. My friends introduced me to others on the team.  In that lovely Spanish way, they say hello, kiss you, include you. It never happens that people say hello to the friends they know while ignoring you, as can happen in Britain.

2.  There was a great vibe of colour and glamour (which were the Friday and Saturday night themes). There were wonderful outfits, make up, glitter, sequins, punk looks, sparkling capes. Men wore makeup, dresses, heels and looked amazing.   It was very free, it was fun and it seemed normal. I lament and not for the first time that this community does not or cannot express themselves in "straight / regular" milongas. Everyone would benefit. The evening venue on the first two nights was similarly glamorous, 

3.  The Sunday asado was a welcome chance to chat and meet people, albeit it was on the last day 

4.  The dancing was pretty good.

5. I saw my friends and I had some great chats with a handful of people I met, including Argentinians, which was a great opportunity.

Would I go back to this queer festival, or any? Maybe, but probably not. It was fun but it's not really my thing. I likely would go back to Barcelona to sightsee and see how the regular milongas have changed.  

I went to the Casa Valencia milonga (hard floor) on Thursday but we arrived late, sat in a corner where invitation was difficult and I only danced with my friends. 

There is also a festival in Barcelona after Christmas.  My heart sinks at the thought of another festival but, here we go again - it is Spain in December.  I like Spain, I like the opportunity to speak Spanish, to hear Catalan, to see my friends, to hear perspectives about Spanish or Argentinian history, politics or culture from people, directly. I might get the chance I didn't this time, to try restaurants from countries in the Americas, which are hard to find at home, but two-a-penny in Spain. 

I am looking for more classic music, wooden floors, better seating / lighting conditions for invitation by look, a table where I can keep my drink / stuff, an atmosphere where I can get into the zone, not be bashed and maybe to socialise over food and / or drinks. So that's probably more an encuentro style event than a queer festival.  Encuentros, that old thorn again.  "Apply and submit to being selected or rejected".  I struggle to think of any Argentine who would go along with that. But in Europe it seems to be the price to pay for the kind of thing I look for.

Perhaps the reason that most puts me off a weekend queer event again is to do with courtesy.  This thing about the genders mostly dancing within a gender seemed to lead to a regular blanking of the opposite sex, a failure, upon arrival or departure, to acknowledge their existence or when moving past.  In what other context of life is this OK? I understand people may want to avoid committing to a dance and I myself avoided looking at people I didn't want to dance with.  But when you're just moving past or are in coats or outdoor shoes, or having a meal, there isn't that risk. I don't want to be in an environment where people simply fail to acknowledge one another.  I found it disturbing and it isn't something I want to repeat. It happens in regular milongas too but it happened more in Barcelona.  

This doesn't happen in all queer tango environments, so it's lucky this wasn't my first experience.  I can't say how beautifully polite the French were in July.  I was introduced to people, we chatted, we danced. But then the French, like the Spanish actually, are very good with formalities, with acknowledging people, with hellos and goodbyes and how-do-you dos - the basic building blocks of civility.  And besides, the friend who instigated that in Paris and did introduce me on that evening, has particularly lovely manners. 

I hear there is a gender neutral event, Tango in Hell, in Trondheim, a stone's throw from the Arctic circle in March.  Norway's expensive, said a friend.  We all agreed, though I doubt any of us had been.  The alcohol is prohibitively dear he said, dismissing it on those grounds, if nothing else.  Then, Who on earth goes to Norway - in March? I haven't looked into it properly and am not sure quite what the format is but another friend wants to go and the concept is intriguing.  

Argentina votes: three views


Voting results after the first round of the election, October 23

GeorgistEnjoyer,
CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons


Apologies for the long hiatus.  The links to the Iain McGilchrist article and animation (comments on this post) were fascinating.  I thought about them and had conversations about them for weeks.  Then I became busy, plus there was the “tango teaching saga” of which more sometime.  Most recently I was at the Barcelona Queer Tango festival last weekend and have been ill since Thursday. 

I have dragged myself from the sickbed to advance with some kind of productivity, even if only a blog post; not least because Argentina votes for their leader tomorrow (now today, Sunday).   I have spoken, in recent weeks, with people of different viewpoints.  Two are Argentinian, all of them from Abya Yala / Latin America.  Conveying what I heard on this topic seemed the most pertinent choice of post. And there are, improbably, some links to tango.


There are two contenders in the presidential election. Currently, Milei leads against Massa by a fraction.


If you’re catching up on all this, Milei is the ranting, chainsaw-wielding right wing libertarian who wants to dollarise the economy, re-criminalise abortion, loosen gun laws and allow people to sell organs. Climate change, for him, is a “socialist lie”. He contested, by a huge margin, the number of victims of Argentina’s 1976-83 dictatorship, the wounds from which are far from healed. 


Milei would also close down the ministries for culture, for environment, for women and gender diversity, for public works, for science, for labour and social security and for education. “Out, out, out” he says, ripping the names of them all off a board in his campaign video. That’s where the chainsaw comes in - a very physical metaphor for slashing the state.  Curiously, he has that nostalgia of so many Argentinians for the past: we were once as rich as the US.  


It is not that clear who Milei is: sex coach perhaps (Guardian, August 14)? An Argentinian friend on the left described him, contemptuously, as the TV pundit you would see on daytime chat shows; someone trivial, brash, inconsequential. 


And then, suddenly, not so inconsequential, due to a campaign run largely on TikTok. It recalls Rodolfo Hernández. "el viejito del TikTok", the right wing Colombian populist, running, like Milei, on an anti-corruption, shrink-the-government ticket.  He was defeated by Gustavo Petro in Colombia’s elections last year in a similarly neck-and-neck run-off giving that country its first ever left-leaning leader. The Milei-Hernández similarities are striking, but while Hernández seemed, well, a bit of an idiot, albeit one who garnered an astonishing proportion of the vote, Milei seems, if anything, more alarming. Is it the education systems, the global "bird brain" phenomenon that seems to have risen with social media or is it because people are simply so desperate that they are easily manipulated by such shallow populists?


Others might describe Milei as a politician, author and economist (World Economic Forum). He sounds insanely dangerous: violent, inexperienced, a showman.  Argentina is not on the fragile (previously “failed”) states index, but its inflation is running at nearly 140%.  40% of the country lives in poverty, while this article claims a majority depend on the state. It is actually surprisingly difficult to find a figure for this but it looks like about half the population are on some form of state support.  Milei would strip away that state but says “Argentines depending on state aid to survive are the victims of the system, not the victimisers, therefore, we won’t make any decisions transferring the austerity cost that needs to happen to them”. The idea is to stop people living off and within an inefficient government, introduce a voucher system for education and promote choice and therefore competition, thereby driving up standards.  A similar idea applies to healthcare.


That’s the new guy.  The incumbent - and they usually have the advantage - is the centrist, Massa, minister for the economy.  It’s an unenviable job.  When he took over, in August 2022, inflation was running at 78.5%.  It’s risen 80% under his leadership. This is what Argentina’s inflation looks like over 25 years.  It was already out of control but it's now rocketing skyward.  Massa, however promises a unity government.  He is known as much for his consensus-seeking as Milei is for causing division.  As a Peronist, Massa has given tax breaks to the working classes but my  - very left wing - Argentine friend says he’s no friend of the left. 


A man from a different country on the same continent follows Argentine politics, knows Argentina, seems to love it, in many ways but thought Milei has, in essence, the right idea.


A: Milei wants to break the state because 60% of the population get government handouts compared to 5% who pay income tax, while the unions are paid by the government.  Peronism is broken. 

B: I'm confused about what that movement represents.

A: No wonder, it has gone from the left to the right. It has no ideology.

B: What about Milei’s idea of dollarising the economy?
A: He will never get enough dollars into the economy but the fundamental idea is right: to take power away from a broken state.
B: it's true the country is...problematic. I remember the security issues, the broken streets, the crumbling architecture, the plumbing never worked. The postal service didn't work properly. You can't send things from abroad by post. You have to send it with someone visiting.
A: Nothing works!
B: People tell me about getting their salary and having to spend it on groceries immediately before it devalues.
A: Exactly. That's why they use dollars, for stability.

B: What about his ideas about relaxing gun laws, criminalising abortion, shutting down the ministry for women….?

A: It’s true, some of his ideas on the cultural side leave something to be desired, but a lot of that country has those sorts of views towards women. It’s hardly just him.

B: What about Massa, minister for the economy?

A: Why would you elect a Peronist economy minister responsible for inflation running at currently nearly 140%?

B: So do you think Milei will win?

A: No.  Too many depend on state handouts and he would get rid of all that.

B: I knew, slightly, a guy from La Boca born into a family from northern Europe with a strong work ethic.  Initially, he loved tango, the lyrics, the culture, not the dance, he joined the tango academy.  He was a Communist in his youth, went round the factories. Now he has a professional private practice,  lives in a good area…

A [wryly]: Everyone’s a communist until they start making money…

B: Well, then he rejected tango, finding in it the epitome of, so he said, Argentina’s malaise:  a nostalgia for the past, an avoidance of the problems of today. He didn’t like his country, didn’t like using “vos”, cultivated a British accent. It was as though he wanted to escape. I later found out there was a phrase for this, applied to people who feel this way “salir por Ezeiza [Buenos Aires' airport]”, to run away, take the easy way out. But he couldn't or wouldn't leave. I guess that accounted for the "tristeza", that I saw in him and have seen in other Argentinians.

A: Argentina has a fantastic culture, but that apart, why would any educated Argentinian not want to escape Argentina?


I asked about his own country’s well known privatisation of institutions that are publicly run in many countries.  He agreed this was true, but said things work now. In Latin America, he said, when you put everything in the hands of government, nothing works.  I remember my dad saying the same about when most of Britain was nationalised.  “The trains,” he said. “British Rail was a catastrophe”.  I remember British Rail. The trains were old, slam-door, plenty still had compartments. They were a bit smelly, but solid. I liked them. Now, they are more modern but prohibitively expensive. Most people I know take the bus and don't travel too far.


A: The people who want to work for the state just want security because it’s impossible to get rid of them.

B:  It sounds like European state machinery.  They don’t do things and they certainly don’t improve, just an endless, enormous bureaucracy designed to provide jobs for life and where everyone’s always on holiday, out for lunch, or unhelpful. It’s not great here, but it’s not like that. 

A: Yes. It’s different here. A job in the government doesn’t mean a job for life the same way it does in other countries. 


 I mentioned poverty had gone down in his country.


B: Why wouldn’t it?

A: Because when you privatise you end up with greater inequality

B: No, you end up with things that are more efficient.


Still, deepened inequality is the risk I see, under Milei, as in all countries in which capitalism has become a runaway train.


I put these points to the Argentinian on the left.  He said that the high levels of poverty were largely due to the conditional loan of 45 billion USD that the Macri (a previous president) administration requested from the IMF "usurero" / usurious during his government and which was not used as expected. 


Footnote: he called Macri “el gato Macri”.  I looked this up.  Originally, “gato” referred to an actress or singer taken out for drinks and “looked after”.  Gatillar, “bien lunfardo” refers to paying, from which “gato”, literally, and somewhat confusingly, “cat”.  Its meaning then changed to signify the one “paid for” and came to be associated with prostitution.  So as I understand the inference, it’s that Macri is prostituting himself to the IMF. A quick look at the lyrics from the famous Donato tango, Gato suggests the same idea:  someone who of little substance themselves but who blends in, takes advantage of good situations, and vanishes in hard times, someone “arrastrado por los vientos como un trozo de papel,”  - “tossed on the wind like a scrap of paper”.  


The lyrics of the Canaro tango Cogote have a similar sense: 

Traés, llevás, hacés de secretario

Y preparás el plato a tu patrón, 

[You fetch and carry, run about like a secretary

And prepare your boss’s dinner.] 


I will have to delve into the nuances between “cogote” and “gato” but both sound like proponents of servile behaviour, to further their own ends, certainly there is a power imbalance. Both, it is clear, are disparaging terms. 


My friend went on to say that most rights in Argentina are due to Peronism. Rights which Milei, a sinister character, he said, would eliminate at a stroke. Milei, he continued, was in the service of “los poderes concentrados” and is now under the protection of another lackey and traitor, like Macri, who always, he said, lived off the state he criticised so much.  


I am not sure whose protection Milei is supposed to be under nor who the concentrated powers are meant to be.  America, I expect, which, I have learned to generally, carefully call “the US” . It’s something I’ve learned over the last two years. To assume, even as a native English speaker, that America means “North America” is non-inclusive and disrespectful to many living in South and Central America.  There is an argument that even those names, or the catch-all “Latin America” dismisses the indigenous roots of the continent. I remember the friend once suggesting I could say "Americans" instead of "Latinos" and it felt like the total inversion it was meant to be.


He laughed, sarcastically at the implication that Argentinians are macho (presumably at: “It’s true, some of his ideas on the cultural side leave something to be desired, but a lot of that country has those sorts of views towards women.”).  If you’re interested in this, I wrote about the same man’s thought-through ideas on Argentinian machismo a few years ago


The Argentinian responded by saying that people from the other man’s country are “re machistas” / very macho.  “Contále al muchacho...”, he said, with his Buenos Aires accent stressing the second syllable of the verb, “Tell the guy that the movement in favour of safe, legal, free abortion  began in this country [Argentina].” 

He went on “It’s true that the issue is very complicated.  Nevertheless, thanks to free, secular education [in Argentina] there is social mobility: someone born in the worst poverty can move out of it.  What happens in [that guy's country]? University education is privatised and people can’t study. “So they [foreign students] come to Argentina”. This is true.  Many university students do come to Argentina from abroad for the free education and leave afterwards. Why they don’t have to pay is a mystery.   


“O se endeudan de por vida”, he added. [Or they get into lifelong debt]“It’s the same in Brazil.“ 


Except people do study and pay for further education in England and in the US [Scottish residents don't pay tuition fees].  They take out student loans and pay them back when they have the kind of job that a university education is meant to lead to. There were huge protests when tuition fees were introduced in England.  But people don’t necessarily think of it as being indebted for life, but rather as a way of paying retrospectively, for the better job you are meant to get  - and often do get - from going to university. I didn't put this to him. 

He ended scathingly, presumably in reference to the rhetorical question Why would any educated Argentinian not want to escape Argentina?”  

For he / she [he is scrupulous about lenguaje inclusivo] who doesn’t love this country and who thinks that the only way out [presumably of the problems] is via Ezeiza, I wish them goodbye and good luck.  But later, when they experience discrimination and things don’t go as they expect...vuelven con la frente marchita y la cola entre las piernas. [they will be back with furrowed brow and tail between their legs  

The man loves his country probably more than anyone I’ve ever met loves theirs. 


I asked an Argentinian woman who had been living in Barcelona since April what she thought about the Milei / Massa situation. She was clearly in the Milei camp. She believed the voucher system for education would work. We don’t need middlemen, she said.  I can’t quite see how middlemen fit in the current education system in Argentina.  It looks as though Milei wants to privatise education, along with everything else, and the voucher system will, ostensibly, allow those without means to choose a private school. So actually, the vouchers are a kind of middleman in that scenario. 


The woman, a dance professional, thought there were enough dollars in the economy to dollarise it and that Milei was making deals for investment in the meantime.  Actually, markets panicked at the success of Milei in the primaries, leading the central bank to devalue the currency by 18% and to hike interest rates to 118%.  The markets had been betting on moderates.  The émigrée was fed up with state inefficiency and profligacy.  She thought Milei’s plan to slash the state would bring about necessary reform and cut out corruption at the same time. 

She talked about the economic faultline down the middle of the country: two currencies operating, only one of them officially. People are paid in pesos but goods, especially houses, cars anything of luxury are in dollars. They don't match up. "Average Argentinian salaries are 300-400 USD." She paused for emphasis, before adding, "...per month. That fracture is what Milei proposes to fix by dollarising." Patricia Bullrich was another contender on the right. If Bullrich's supporters put their weight behind Milei, that could tip the balance, she said. It looks as though that is what's happening.


Voting is mandatory for ages 18-70.  Election results are expected after 9PM local time (midnight, in the UK).